蒙自喀斯特断陷盆地边坡与盆缘的露石差异性     

蒋若涵  沈有信  赵志猛 《山地学报》2020,38(1):42-49

喀斯特露石常常占据一定比例的地表面积,且具有许多已知或未知的水文—生态功能,对于喀斯特地区的植被恢复和环境改善发挥着重要的作用。本实验运用样线法和拍照法识别喀斯特断陷盆地不同位置(盆缘和盆地边坡)露石的数量特征和外部形态特征,同时比较了两种方法测量样地岩石裸露率的精准度。结果发现:盆地边坡与盆缘的露石数量和外部特征存在显著差异,盆缘露石分布密度(0.54个·m-2)>盆地边坡(0.39个·m-2);但盆地边坡露石的长宽比大于盆缘,单体占地面积为盆缘露石的两倍,接近40%的盆地边坡露石与山体等高线平行。样线法和拍照法测量样地岩石裸露率的结果存有差异,但并不显著,且这种差异呈现出随着岩石裸露率的增加而逐渐增加的趋势,拍照测量结果具有较小的变异系数。这些结果说明了研究区露石具有较强的空间异质性,对解释地表水土运移规律和植物分布提供重要参考。拍照法能准确地测量岩石裸露率,并提供露石外部形态特征的精准数据,可以作为喀斯特样地露石调查的新方法加以推广。  相似文献   

Post-earthquake economic resilience and recovery efficiency in the border areas of the Tibetan Plateau: A case study of areas affected by the Wenchuan Ms 8.0 Earthquake in Sichuan,China in 2008     

Zhou  Kan  Liu  Baoyin  Fan  Jie 《地理学报(英文版)》2020,30(8):1363-1381

Journal of Geographical Sciences - The border areas of the Tibetan Plateau and the neighboring mountainous areas have a high incidence of earthquakes with a magnitude greater than Ms 5.0, as well...  相似文献   

Simulating cross-sectional geometry of the main channel in response to changes in water and sediment in Lower Yellow River     

Wang  Yanjun  Wu  Baosheng  Zhong  Deyu 《地理学报(英文版)》2020,30(12):2033-2052

Journal of Geographical Sciences - To understand the non-equilibrium morphological adjustment of a river in response to environmental changes, it is essential to (i) accurately identify how past...  相似文献   

Upper ocean high resolution regional modeling of the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal     

Suneet Dwivedi  Alok Kumar Mishr  Atul Srivastava 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(5):32-50

In this paper, effort is made to demonstrate the quality of high-resolution regional ocean circulation model in realistically simulating the circulation and variability properties of the northern Indian Ocean(10°S–25°N,45°–100°E) covering the Arabian Sea(AS) and Bay of Bengal(BoB). The model run using the open boundary conditions is carried out at 10 km horizontal resolution and highest vertical resolution of 2 m in the upper ocean.The surface and sub-surface structure of hydrographic variables(temperature and salinity) and currents is compared against the observations during 1998–2014(17 years). In particular, the seasonal variability of the sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, and surface currents over the model domain is studied. The highresolution model's ability in correct estimation of the spatio-temporal mixed layer depth(MLD) variability of the AS and BoB is also shown. The lowest MLD values are observed during spring(March-April-May) and highest during winter(December-January-February) seasons. The maximum MLD in the AS(BoB) during December to February reaches 150 m (67 m). On the other hand, the minimum MLD in these regions during March-April-May becomes as low as 11–12 m. The influence of wind stress, net heat flux and freshwater flux on the seasonal variability of the MLD is discussed. The physical processes controlling the seasonal cycle of sea surface temperature are investigated by carrying out mixed layer heat budget analysis. It is found that air-sea fluxes play a dominant role in the seasonal evolution of sea surface temperature of the northern Indian Ocean and the contribution of horizontal advection, vertical entrainment and diffusion processes is small. The upper ocean zonal and meridional volume transport across different sections in the AS and BoB is also computed. The seasonal variability of the transports is studied in the context of monsoonal currents.  相似文献   

基于国家海洋治理和全球气候变化的我国海洋灾害防治          下载免费PDF全文

齐庆华 《海洋开发与管理》2019,36(2):17-23

为建立和完善现代化的海洋灾害防治体系,提高我国海洋治理和应对全球气候变化的能力,文章以全球治理和国家治理为背景,在明确致灾因子、承灾体、灾害以及灾害风险和管理等基本概念及其内涵的基础上,分析全球气候变化背景下我国海洋灾害及其风险的特征以及海洋灾害防治的关键性和基础性科学问题,并提出我国构建海洋灾害防治体系的建议。研究结果表明:在全球气候变化的影响下,我国沿海地区的海洋灾害风险复杂多变且有所提升;提出以群-环-域为主体的体系架构,研究全球气候变化与区域海洋的响应和反馈、全球气候变化背景下海洋灾害与风险的特征和规律以及综合海洋灾害风险评估和海洋灾害防治等问题;在我国构建海洋灾害防治体系的过程中,应加强科学研究以及技术和信息支撑、促进区域和全球联动联防以及提高全社会对海洋灾害的认知和防范水平。  相似文献   

中国近海藻毒素及有毒微藻产毒原因种调查研究进展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

梁玉波  李冬梅  姚敬元  金薇  宫长宝  刘仁沿 《海洋与湖沼》2019,50(3):511-524

麻痹性贝类毒素在我国近海污染问题已十分突出,基本呈现逐年加剧的趋势。20世纪90年代,南海麻痹性贝类毒素污染较重; 21世纪初,北黄海麻痹性贝类毒素污染较重;近几年,渤海和福建近海麻痹性贝类毒素污染较重;可产生麻痹性贝类毒素的微藻有亚历山大藻和裸甲藻等。采用小鼠生物法检测我国近海腹泻性贝类毒素超标率32%左右,采用液相色谱/质谱法检测,仅有3起超标的研究报道;现行小鼠生物法检测腹泻性贝类毒素假阳性问题十分突出,应尽快废除;腹泻性贝类毒素均是脂溶性的,脂溶性海洋生物毒素在我国近海常年可检出,偶有虾夷扇贝毒素和鳍藻毒素超标现象。可产生脂溶性毒素微藻有鳍藻和原甲藻及网状原角藻等。失忆性贝类毒素在我国近海常有检出,但无超标现象;产毒微藻有拟菱形藻等。西加鱼毒素在我国南海污染较重,但毒素标准物质的匮乏,限制了西加鱼毒素的调查研究;至今尚未确定产生西加鱼毒素的微藻。酶联免疫吸附法和液相色谱串联质谱法相结合已成为藻毒素快速准确检测成熟的技术,逐渐代替小鼠生物法和液相色谱法。  相似文献   

纳米气泡改性矿物颗粒的湖泊沉积物-水界面增氧效果实验研究     

余萍萍  王敬富  陈敬安  张耀  陈权  卢耀庭 《湖泊科学》2019,31(1):65-71

季节性缺氧导致夏季沉积物内源磷强烈释放，加剧水体富营养化，是我国西南地区深水湖泊（水库）面临的重要挑战.有效增加夏季缺氧期深水沉积物-水界面的含氧量，是减少内源磷释放的关键.现有的深水增氧技术由于缺乏对沉积物-水界面增氧的针对性，因此治理效果有限.近年来，纳米气泡已被证实具有的稳定性好、氧传质速率高和环境风险低等优点，为新型深水增氧技术研发提供了巨大潜力.本文以天然矿物材料白云母、绢云母、硅藻土和沸石为基底，负载纳米气泡，研发纳米气泡改性矿物颗粒技术，开展湖泊沉积物-水界面增氧模拟实验研究，运用平面光电极技术评估其界面增氧效果.结果表明，纳米气泡改性矿物颗粒对沉积物-水界面具有比较明显的增氧效果.其中，改性白云母、绢云母和沸石的界面持续增氧时间可达7天以上，增氧后的界面最大溶解氧（DO）浓度达4.40 mg/L，而改性硅藻土不具有增氧能力.其次，矿物粒度对改性颗粒的增氧效果有一定影响：粒度越细，界面的最大增氧浓度越高，且持续增氧时间越长.纳米气泡改性矿物颗粒技术有望成为夏季缺氧期深水沉积物-水界面精准增氧和内源污染控制的有效技术手段.  相似文献   

山西省大同市新荣区石墨矿岩石矿物地球化学特征与成因     

梁钰琦  赵永  吴光存  张越  夏庆霖 《地球学报》2020,41(6):827-834

山西省大同市新荣区石墨矿带总体呈北东—南西向展布, 长约22 km, 赋矿层位为中下太古界右所堡组, 岩性为含石墨黑云斜长片麻岩。目前该矿带上已有7个勘查区, 累计查明晶质石墨矿物资源量约 5000万吨, 但对其矿床成因类型研究相对较少。本文收集整理和分析总结了区域内地质资料及化验分析结果, 采用变质岩原岩恢复的四种方法确定该矿带的成因: 从石墨矿带的矿体产状和岩石组合、岩相学和矿物学特征定性判断该矿带矿床为沉积岩区域深变质成矿类型; 矿体样品地球化学微量元素比值(Sr:Ba等)符合副变质岩特征; 稀土元素配分曲线及其研究表明矿体及围岩具有沉积岩变质特征; 以TiO2-F图解、[(al+fm)–(c+alk)]/Si图解以及(al-alk):c图解展示的岩石化学特征半定量地确认新荣区石墨矿带矿床为以黏土岩为主的区域变质成矿。新荣区石墨矿带成因类型的确定填补了该区域矿床成因类型研究的空白, 为下一步地质找矿及建模提供了重要依据; 三种图解相结合, 逐步缩小原岩范围, 锁定原岩类型, 为变质岩原岩恢复及矿床成因研究提供了新的思路和判别方法。  相似文献   

贵州草海湿地不同水位梯度沉积物中汞、砷形态分布及风险评价     

汤向宸  林陶  夏品华  黄先飞  马莉  杨羽 《湖泊科学》2020,32(1):100-110

通过改进Tessier连续提取法对贵州草海黑颈鹤栖息地不同水位梯度下沉积物汞(Hg)、砷(As)形态及生态风险进行了研究.结果表明,草海湿地沉积物中Hg含量在0.45～1.51-mg/kg之间,超过国家土壤环境质量农用地土壤风险管控标准;形态组成上,残渣态汞(Res-Hg)有机结合态汞(Org-Hg)碳酸盐结合态(Car-Hg)铁锰氧化态(Fe-O-Hg)可交换态(Ex-Hg),不同水位梯度下含量和赋存形态在不同区域不一致.As含量在16.4～23.8-mg/kg之间,形态依次为残渣态砷(Res-As)有机结合态砷(Org-As)铁锰氧化态砷(Fe-O-As)碳酸盐结合态砷(Car-As)可交换态砷(Ex-As).-As含量与贵州省土壤背景值持平,随着水位梯度的抬升,其总量呈增加趋势,残渣态占比逐步增多,性质逐渐稳定.采用地积累指数(I_(geo))、潜在生态风险指数(E_r~i)、风险评价编码法(RAC)对Hg、As的危害程度进行分析表明,基于草海较高Hg环境背景值,Hg整体污染风险较高,As处于低水平的污染风险等级且对环境影响较小.该研究揭示了不同水位梯度下Hg、As总量及形态分布特征,对草海湿地水位抬升恢复湿地提供了参考.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Sludge Digester Effluent as Feeding Solution for the Enrichment of Anammox Bacteria     

&#x;pek elen‐Erdem 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2020,48(3)

The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of sludge digester effluent as feeding solution to enrich anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria. The performance of the two parallel pilot scale‐upflow packed bed anammox reactors (UPBAn1 and UPBAn2) are examined in terms of the enrichment of anammox bacteria. The control experiment is set up conducting synthetic wastewater as feeding solution in the UPBAn1 reactor whereas, the sludge digester effluent is fed to the nitritation reactor and then the partially nitrated digester effluent to the UPBAn2 reactor. Anammox activities are evaluated by mass balances based on ammonium (NH₄⁺), nitrite (NO₂^?), and nitrate (NO₃^?) analysis and NRR. Microbial community of anammox bacteria is analyzed using real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results demonstrate that UPBAn 1 and UPBAn2 reactors are successfully enriched on days 64 and 40 with NRRs of 19.54 and 19.43 g N m^?3 per day, respectively. This study reveals that both synthetic wastewater and digester effluent are suitable for the enrichment of anammox bacteria; however, digester effluent as feeding solution for enrichment of anammox bacteria based on the ease of process control and process stability is more advisable.  相似文献